目录

导入包

>>> import os
>>> import shutil

文件

拷贝文件

目录路径可以是目录名

>> shutil.copy('/home/python/main.py', '/home/python/main.py.bak')
>> shutil.copy('/home/python/main.py', '/home/python/bak/')

创建文件

  • 方法1 
    open(filename, 'w').close()
  • 方法2 
    def touch(path):
  with open(path, 'a'):
      os.utime(path, None)
  • 方法3

    OS X需要root特权

    os.mknod(filename)

修改文件名

>>> os.rename('filename', 'new_filename')

删除文件

>>> os.remove('/home/python/main.py')

目录

拷贝目录树

>>> shutil.copytree('/home/python/test', '/home/python/test_bak')

新建目录

  • 单级目录 
    >>> os.mkdir('python')
  • 多级目录 
    >>> os.makedirs('dirs/sub_dir')

修改目录名

只能修改叶子节点，有无文件都可以。

>> os.rename('dir', 'new_dir')

读取目录信息

  • 当前目录 
    >>> os.getcwd()
'/home/python'
  • 列出文件和目录 
    >>> os.listdir('/home/python')
['app', 'config', 'main.py', 'test']

删除目录

  • 空目录 
    >>> os.rmdir('test')
  • 多级目录 
    >>> shutil.rmtree('/home/python')

获得目录下的图片文件路径

import os

def is_image(filename):
    ext_names = ['.png', '.jpg', '.jpeg', '.tif', '.bmp']
    return include_ext_names(filename, ext_names)

def include_ext_names(filename, ext_names):
    _, ext_name = os.path.splitext(filename.lower())
    if not ext_names or ext_name in ext_names:
        return True
    return False

def get_file_paths(path, filter):
    paths = []
    for filename in os.listdir(path):
        if filter(filename):
            paths.append(os.path.join(path, filename))

    return paths

获得目录下的视频文件路径（包含子目录）

import os

def is_video(filename):
    ext_names = ['.mov', '.mts', '.mp4', '.mkv', '.webm', '.flv', '.f4v', '.vob', '.ogg',
        '.ogv', '.avi', '.wmv', '.rm', '.rmvb', '.asf', '.amv', '.m4v', '.3gp', '.mng']
    return include_ext_names(filename, ext_names)

def include_ext_names(filename, ext_names):
    _, ext_name = os.path.splitext(filename.lower())
    if not ext_names or ext_name in ext_names:
        return True
    return False

def get_file_paths_by_iter(path, filter):
    paths = []
    for parent, _, filenames in os.walk(path):
        if not filenames:
            continue

        for filename in filenames:
            if filter(filename):
                paths.append(os.path.join(parent, filename))

    return paths

路径

文件名

>>> os.path.basename('/home/python/main.py')
'main.py'
>>> os.path.basename('/home/python')
'python'
>>> os.path.basename('/home/python/')
''

目录名

>>> os.path.dirname('/home/python/main.py')
'/home/python'
>>> os.path.dirname('/home/python')
'/home'
>>> os.path.dirname('/home/python/')
'/home/python'

路径是否存在

>>> os.path.exists('/home/python')
True

分离扩展名

>>> os.path.splitext('main.py')
('main', '.py')

参考资料