--- layout: single title: "华为 Atlas 800I A2 大模型部署实战（一）：驱动/固件安装与MCU升级" date: 2025-07-17 12:00:00 +0800 categories: [硬件加速, 操作系统] tags: [昇腾, NPU, 910B4, Atlas800IA2, 驱动, 固件, MCU, openEuler] --- 这份文档提供了关于**华为 Atlas 800I A2 推理服务器**的详细**部署指南**。它首先介绍了服务器的**硬件配置**，包括其基于**鲲鹏 920 CPU**和**昇腾 910 AI 处理器**的架构。随后，文档详细阐述了**驱动、固件和 MCU 的安装流程**，明确区分了**首次安装**和**覆盖安装**的步骤差异。此外，它还提供了在安装前**检查操作系统和 NPU 芯片状态**的指导，并展示了如何**获取所需的软件包**和**创建运行用户**。最后，文档通过命令行示例，分步演示了**驱动和固件的安装**，以及**MCU 固件的升级**方法，确保了服务器的正常运行和功能完备。 ## 服务器配置 **AI 服务器**：华为 Atlas 800I A2 推理服务器 | 组件 | 规格 | |---|---| | **CPU** | 鲲鹏 920（5250） | | **NPU** | 昇腾 910B4（8X32G） | | **内存** | 1024GB | | **硬盘** | **系统盘**：450GB SSDX2 RAID1
**数据盘**：3.5TB NVME SSDX4 | | **操作系统** | openEuler 22.03 LTS | ## Atlas 800I A2 介绍 **Atlas 800I A2 推理服务器**是基于**鲲鹏920**+**昇腾910** AI处理器的AI推理设备。 ![](/images/2025/Atlas800IA2/Atlas-800I-A2.png) ![](/images/2025/Atlas800IA2/Atlas-800I-A2-Physical-Structure.png) | 1 | 铜排模块 | 2 | NPU模组 | |---|---|---|---| | 3 | 硬盘背板 | 4 | 加强横梁 | | 5 | NPU载板 | 6 | 参数面板接口卡 | | 7 | 机箱 | 8 | CPU主板导风罩 | | 9 | 硬盘 | 10 | 风扇模块 | | 11 | CPU散热器 | 12 | DIMM | | 13 | 灵活IO卡 (选配) | 14 | CPU主板 | | 15 | 电源框 | 16 | 电源模块 | | 17 | Riser模组2 | 18 | Riser模组1 | ## 安装流程 ![](/images/2025/Atlas800IA2/InstallWorkflow.png) ```mermaid graph LR A[开始] --> B{确认操作系统} B --> C{获取软件包} C --> D{创建运行用户} D --> E{检查环境} E -- 首次安装 --> F[安装驱动] F --> H[安装固件] E -- 覆盖安装 --> G[安装固件] G --> I[安装驱动] H --> J[升级MCU] I --> J[升级MCU] J --> K[结束] ``` - **首次安装场景**：硬件设备刚出厂时未安装驱动，或者硬件设备前期安装过驱动固件但是当前已卸载，上述场景属于首次安装场景，需按照`“驱动->固件”`的顺序安装驱动固件。 - **覆盖安装场景**：硬件设备前期安装过驱动固件且未卸载，当前要再次安装驱动固件，此场景属于覆盖安装场景，需按照`“固件->驱动”`的顺序安装固件驱动。 - 由于设备出厂时已集成了MCU初始版本，为了保障所有功能正常使用，需将MCU升级到和驱动固件配套的版本。MCU升级操作具体请参见《Atlas A2 中心推理和训练硬件 24.1.0 NPU驱动和固件升级指导书》中“物理机升级>升级MCU”章节。 ## [确认操作系统](https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/zh/doc/EDOC1100438838/58f4d9a2) ### 查询服务器支持的操作系统 参考[昇腾计算兼容性查询助手](https://info.support.huawei.com/computing/ftca/zh/product/atlas)。 ![](/images/2025/Atlas800IA2/AscendComputingCompatibilityQueryAssistant.png) **备注说明:** - 87.默认不支持virt-manager管理 - 92.SOC SAS控制器下的SAS/SATA硬盘安装系统时请选择直接安装方式安装,请在操作系统兼容性添加RAID控制卡型号查询RAID控制卡与OS的兼容性 - 125.推荐使用kernel-5.10.0-60.70.0.94.oe2203.aarch64及以上的内核版本 - 127.仅兼容内核版本4.19.90-24.4 - 128.仅兼容内核版本4.19.90-52.22 - 129.仅兼容内核版本4.19.90-2107.6.0.0098.oe1.bclinux.aarch64。 - 134.建议使用最小安装方式安装OS ### 查询服务器的操作系统架构及版本 ```bash uname -m && cat /etc/*release ``` ```bash aarch64 openEuler release 22.03 LTS NAME="openEuler" VERSION="22.03 LTS" ID="openEuler" VERSION_ID="22.03" PRETTY_NAME="openEuler 22.03 LTS" ANSI_COLOR="0;31" openEuler release 22.03 LTS ``` ### 查询 CPU 信息 ```bash lscpu ``` ```bash Architecture: aarch64 CPU op-mode(s): 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 192 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-191 Vendor ID: HiSilicon BIOS Vendor ID: HiSilicon Model name: Kunpeng-920 BIOS Model name: HUAWEI Kunpeng 920 5250 Model: 0 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 48 Socket(s): 4 Stepping: 0x1 Frequency boost: disabled CPU max MHz: 2600.0000 CPU min MHz: 200.0000 BogoMIPS: 200.00 Flags: fp asimd evtstrm aes pmull sha1 sha2 crc32 atomics fphp asimdhp cpuid asimdrdm jscvt fcma dcpop asimddp asimdfhm ssbs Caches (sum of all): L1d: 12 MiB (192 instances) L1i: 12 MiB (192 instances) L2: 96 MiB (192 instances) L3: 192 MiB (8 instances) NUMA: NUMA node(s): 8 NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-23 NUMA node1 CPU(s): 24-47 NUMA node2 CPU(s): 48-71 NUMA node3 CPU(s): 72-95 NUMA node4 CPU(s): 96-119 NUMA node5 CPU(s): 120-143 NUMA node6 CPU(s): 144-167 NUMA node7 CPU(s): 168-191 Vulnerabilities: Itlb multihit: Not affected L1tf: Not affected Mds: Not affected Meltdown: Not affected Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl Spectre v1: Mitigation; __user pointer sanitization Spectre v2: Not affected Srbds: Not affected Tsx async abort: Not affected ``` ## [获取软件包](https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/zh/doc/EDOC1100438838/2ff3e934) 到[魔乐社区](https://modelers.cn/)注册账号并登录，[下载](https://modelers.cn/models/xieyuxiang/mindie_2.0.RC1_image/tree/main)相关的安装包。 - [驱动](https://modelers.cn/models/xieyuxiang/mindie_2.0.RC1_image/blob/main/Ascend-hdk-910b-npu-driver_25.0.rc1.1_linux-aarch64.run) - [固件](https://modelers.cn/models/xieyuxiang/mindie_2.0.RC1_image/blob/main/Ascend-hdk-910b-npu-firmware_7.7.0.1.231.run) - [MCU](https://modelers.cn/models/xieyuxiang/mindie_2.0.RC1_image/blob/main/Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.zip) ```bash ll ``` ```bash total 123M -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6.8M Jul 17 10:29 Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.zip -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 116M Jul 17 10:28 Ascend-hdk-910b-npu-driver_25.0.rc1.1_linux-aarch64.run -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 277K Jul 17 10:28 Ascend-hdk-910b-npu-firmware_7.7.0.1.231.run ``` ## [创建运行用户](https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/zh/doc/EDOC1100438838/b6fab88e) **安装用户**为安装驱动和固件所使用的用户，**运行用户**为驱动固件安装完成后，后续运行推理或训练业务时启动运行驱动和固件的用户。 - 如果创建的用户和用户组是HwHiAiUser，安装软件包时无需指定运行用户，默认即为HwHiAiUser。 - 如果创建的用户和用户组是非HwHiAiUser（含root），安装软件包时必须指定运行用户（通过--install-username=username --install-usergroup=usergroup参数指定）。因此如果对运行用户名称没有特殊要求，建议使用HwHiAiUser。 请参见如下方法创建运行用户。 1. 以root用户登录服务器。 2. 执行如下命令，创建运行用户。 ```bash groupadd usergroup useradd -g usergroup -d /home/username -m username -s /bin/bash ``` 示例： ```bash groupadd HwHiAiUser useradd -g HwHiAiUser -d /home/HwHiAiUser -m HwHiAiUser -s /bin/bash ``` **我这里直接使用的 `root` 用户。** ## [检查环境](https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/zh/doc/EDOC1100438838/51429589) ### 系统是否安装过软件包 执行 `lsmod | grep drv_pcie_host` 命令查询系统是否安装过软件包。 - 如无内容表示未安装过软件包。可以直接安装软件包。 - 如有内容，表示安装过软件包。需要先卸载驱动包后，再安装新版本软件包。 ### 检测芯片是否正常在位 执行 `lspci | grep d802` 命令，如果服务器上有N（N＞0）张NPU芯片，回显中含“d802”字段的行数为N，则表示NPU芯片正常在位。 ```bash 01:00.0 Processing accelerators: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Device d802 (rev 20) 02:00.0 Processing accelerators: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Device d802 (rev 20) 41:00.0 Processing accelerators: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Device d802 (rev 20) 42:00.0 Processing accelerators: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Device d802 (rev 20) 81:00.0 Processing accelerators: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Device d802 (rev 20) 82:00.0 Processing accelerators: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Device d802 (rev 20) c1:00.0 Processing accelerators: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Device d802 (rev 20) c2:00.0 Processing accelerators: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Device d802 (rev 20) ``` ## [安装驱动](https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/zh/doc/EDOC1100438838/36e8d875) ### 增加软件包的可执行权限 ```bash chmod +x Ascend-hdk-910b-npu-driver_25.0.rc1.1_linux-aarch64.run ``` ### 校验安装包的一致性和完整性 ```bash ./Ascend-hdk-910b-npu-driver_25.0.rc1.1_linux-aarch64.run --check ``` ```bash Makeself logfile: /root/log/makeself/makeself.log Verifying archive integrity... 100% SHA256 checksums are OK. All good. Verifying archive integrity... 100% SHA256 checksums are OK. All good. Uncompressing ASCEND DRIVER RUN PACKAGE 100% [Driver] [2025-07-17 10:31:56] [INFO]Start time: 2025-07-17 10:31:56 [Driver] [2025-07-17 10:31:56] [INFO]LogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/ascend_install.log [Driver] [2025-07-17 10:31:56] [INFO]OperationLogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/operation.log [Driver] [2025-07-17 10:31:56] [INFO]End time: 2025-07-17 10:31:56 ``` ### 安装驱动 软件包默认安装路径为 `“/usr/local/Ascend”`。 ```bash ./Ascend-hdk-910b-npu-driver_25.0.rc1.1_linux-aarch64.run --full --install-username=root --install-usergroup=root --install-for-all ``` ```bash Verifying archive integrity... 100% SHA256 checksums are OK. All good. Uncompressing ASCEND DRIVER RUN PACKAGE 100% [Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:21] [INFO]Start time: 2025-07-17 10:35:21 [Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:21] [INFO]LogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/ascend_install.log [Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:21] [INFO]OperationLogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/operation.log [Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:21] [WARNING]Do not power off or restart the system during the installation/upgrade [Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:21] [INFO]set username and usergroup, root:root [Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:22] [INFO]driver install type: DKMS [Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:22] [INFO]upgradePercentage:10% [Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:30] [INFO]upgradePercentage:30% [Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:30] [INFO]upgradePercentage:40% [Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:44] [INFO]upgradePercentage:90% [Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:45] [INFO]Waiting for device startup... [Driver] [2025-07-17 10:35:49] [INFO]Device startup success [Driver] [2025-07-17 10:36:06] [INFO]upgradePercentage:100% [Driver] [2025-07-17 10:36:24] [INFO]Driver package installed successfully! The new version takes effect immediately. [Driver] [2025-07-17 10:36:24] [INFO]End time: 2025-07-17 10:36:24 ``` **注意**：`root` 用户安装驱动时，需使用`--install-username=root --install-usergroup=root --install-for-all`参数。 ### 查看驱动加载是否成功 ```bash npu-smi info ``` ```bash +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | npu-smi 25.0.rc1.1 Version: 25.0.rc1.1 | +---------------------------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------+ | NPU Name | Health | Power(W) Temp(C) Hugepages-Usage(page)| | Chip | Bus-Id | AICore(%) Memory-Usage(MB) HBM-Usage(MB) | +===========================+===============+====================================================+ | 0 910B4 | OK | 87.2 33 0 / 0 | | 0 | 0000:C1:00.0 | 0 0 / 0 2654 / 32768 | +===========================+===============+====================================================+ | 1 910B4 | OK | 82.7 33 0 / 0 | | 0 | 0000:C2:00.0 | 0 0 / 0 2654 / 32768 | +===========================+===============+====================================================+ | 2 910B4 | OK | 82.7 33 0 / 0 | | 0 | 0000:81:00.0 | 0 0 / 0 2654 / 32768 | +===========================+===============+====================================================+ | 3 910B4 | OK | 89.1 34 0 / 0 | | 0 | 0000:82:00.0 | 0 0 / 0 2654 / 32768 | +===========================+===============+====================================================+ | 4 910B4 | OK | 84.5 39 0 / 0 | | 0 | 0000:01:00.0 | 0 0 / 0 2654 / 32768 | +===========================+===============+====================================================+ | 5 910B4 | OK | 84.8 37 0 / 0 | | 0 | 0000:02:00.0 | 0 0 / 0 2654 / 32768 | +===========================+===============+====================================================+ | 6 910B4 | OK | 87.1 38 0 / 0 | | 0 | 0000:41:00.0 | 0 0 / 0 2654 / 32768 | +===========================+===============+====================================================+ | 7 910B4 | OK | 81.6 37 0 / 0 | | 0 | 0000:42:00.0 | 0 0 / 0 2653 / 32768 | +===========================+===============+====================================================+ +---------------------------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------+ | NPU Chip | Process id | Process name | Process memory(MB) | +===========================+===============+====================================================+ | No running processes found in NPU 0 | +===========================+===============+====================================================+ | No running processes found in NPU 1 | +===========================+===============+====================================================+ | No running processes found in NPU 2 | +===========================+===============+====================================================+ | No running processes found in NPU 3 | +===========================+===============+====================================================+ | No running processes found in NPU 4 | +===========================+===============+====================================================+ | No running processes found in NPU 5 | +===========================+===============+====================================================+ | No running processes found in NPU 6 | +===========================+===============+====================================================+ | No running processes found in NPU 7 | +===========================+===============+====================================================+ ``` ## [安装固件](https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/zh/doc/EDOC1100438838/f4a62e83) ### 增加软件包的可执行权限 ```bash chmod +x Ascend-hdk-910b-npu-firmware_7.7.0.1.231.run ``` ### 校验安装包的一致性和完整性 ```bash ./Ascend-hdk-910b-npu-firmware_7.7.0.1.231.run --check ``` ```bash Makeself logfile: /root/log/makeself/makeself.log Verifying archive integrity... 100% SHA256 checksums are OK. All good. Verifying archive integrity... 100% SHA256 checksums are OK. All good. Uncompressing ASCEND-HDK-910B-NPU FIRMWARE RUN PACKAGE 100% [Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:42:55] [INFO]Start time: 2025-07-17 10:42:55 [Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:42:55] [INFO]LogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/ascend_install.log [Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:42:55] [INFO]OperationLogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/operation.log [Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:42:56] [INFO]End time: 2025-07-17 10:42:56 ``` ### 安装固件 ```bash ./Ascend-hdk-910b-npu-firmware_7.7.0.1.231.run --full ``` ```bash Verifying archive integrity... 100% SHA256 checksums are OK. All good. Uncompressing ASCEND-HDK-910B-NPU FIRMWARE RUN PACKAGE 100% [Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:18] [INFO]Start time: 2025-07-17 10:43:18 [Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:18] [INFO]LogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/ascend_install.log [Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:18] [INFO]OperationLogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/operation.log [Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:18] [WARNING]Do not power off or restart the system during the installation/upgrade [Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:20] [INFO]upgradePercentage: 0% [Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:32] [INFO]upgradePercentage: 90% [Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:42] [INFO]upgradePercentage: 90% [Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:52] [INFO]upgradePercentage: 90% [Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:53] [INFO]upgradePercentage: 100% [Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:53] [INFO]The firmware of [8] chips are successfully upgraded. [Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:54] [INFO]Firmware package installed successfully! Reboot now or after driver installation for the installation/upgrade to take effect. [Firmware] [2025-07-17 10:43:54] [INFO]End time: 2025-07-17 10:43:54 ``` ## [升级MCU](https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/zh/doc/EDOC1100438832/835e90f4) MCU是带外管理模块，具备单板监测、故障上报等功能。Atlas 900 A2 PoD 集群基础单元、Atlas 800T A2 训练服务器和Atlas 800I A2 推理服务器已集成了初始版本，为了保障所有功能正常使用，请将MCU升级到最新版本。 - 通过 `npu-smi` 工具升级MCU。 > npu-smi工具可以将单个NPU的MCU升级到相应版本，如果配备了多个NPU，需要逐个升级。 ### 准备软件包 解压 zip 文件，准备软件包 “Ascend-hdk-xxx-mcu_Y.hpm”，这里是 `Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.hpm`。 ```bash unzip Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.zip ``` ```bash Archive: Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.zip inflating: Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.hpm inflating: Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.hpm.cms inflating: crldata.crl inflating: version.xml inflating: version.xml.cms ``` ### 显示所有设备的映射信息 ```bash npu-smi info -m ``` ```bash NPU ID Chip ID Chip Logic ID Chip Name 0 0 0 Ascend 910B4 0 1 - Mcu 1 0 1 Ascend 910B4 1 1 - Mcu 2 0 2 Ascend 910B4 2 1 - Mcu 3 0 3 Ascend 910B4 3 1 - Mcu 4 0 4 Ascend 910B4 4 1 - Mcu 5 0 5 Ascend 910B4 5 1 - Mcu 6 0 6 Ascend 910B4 6 1 - Mcu 7 0 7 Ascend 910B4 7 1 - Mcu ``` ### 显示所有设备的拓扑信息 ```bash npu-smi info -l ``` ```bash Total Count : 8 NPU ID : 0 Chip Count : 1 NPU ID : 1 Chip Count : 1 NPU ID : 2 Chip Count : 1 NPU ID : 3 Chip Count : 1 NPU ID : 4 Chip Count : 1 NPU ID : 5 Chip Count : 1 NPU ID : 6 Chip Count : 1 NPU ID : 7 Chip Count : 1 ``` ### 查询MCU版本号 ```bash npu-smi upgrade -b mcu -i 0 ``` ```bash Version : 23.3.13 ``` ### 升级指定NPU的MCU ```bash npu-smi upgrade -t mcu -i 0 -f Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.hpm ``` ```bash [WARNING]: Do not power off or restart the system during the upgrade. Validity : success file_len(554991)--offset(554991) [100]. transfile : successfully Status : start to upgrade Start upgrade [100]. Status : OK Message : Start device upgrade successfully Message : need active mcu ``` ### 使新版本生效 ```bash npu-smi upgrade -a mcu -i 0 ``` ```bash Status : OK Message : The upgrade has taken effect after performed reboot successfully. ``` ### 查询MCU版本号 ```bash npu-smi upgrade -b mcu -i 0 ``` ```bash Version : 25.50.10 ``` ### 定制升级MCU的工具 支持三种调用方式： 1. 指定单个 NPU_ID： `./upgrade_mcu.sh 3` `./upgrade_mcu.sh 5 Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.hpm` 2. 指定多个 NPU_ID： `./upgrade_mcu.sh 2,4,6` `./upgrade_mcu.sh 1,3 Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.hpm` 3. 一键升级 0-7 全部： `./upgrade_mcu.sh all` `./upgrade_mcu.sh all Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.hpm` 保存为 `upgrade_mcu.sh`，`chmod +x upgrade_mcu.sh` 即可。 ```bash #!/bin/bash # upgrade_mcu.sh [Ascend-hdk-xxx-mcu_Y.hpm] usage() { echo "Usage:" echo " Single: $0 <0-7> [fw.hpm]" echo " Multi: $0 [fw.hpm]" echo " All: $0 all [fw.hpm]" exit 1 } #---------- 参数校验 ---------- [[ $# -eq 0 ]] && usage # 解析 NPU_ID 列表 case "$1" in all|ALL) NPU_LIST=(0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7) ;; *) # 尝试按逗号分割 IFS=',' read -ra NPU_LIST <<< "$1" for id in "${NPU_LIST[@]}"; do [[ "$id" =~ ^[0-7]$ ]] || usage done ;; esac # 固件文件 FW_FILE=${2:-"Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.hpm"} #---------- 循环升级 ---------- for NPU_ID in "${NPU_LIST[@]}"; do echo "=== MCU upgrade for NPU_ID $NPU_ID ===" echo "Firmware: $FW_FILE" npu-smi upgrade -b mcu -i "$NPU_ID" npu-smi upgrade -t mcu -i "$NPU_ID" -f "$FW_FILE" npu-smi upgrade -a mcu -i "$NPU_ID" npu-smi upgrade -b mcu -i "$NPU_ID" echo "NPU_ID $NPU_ID done." echo done echo "All requested NPUs upgraded." ``` 使用示例 ```bash # 升级 0 号 ./upgrade_mcu.sh 0 # 升级 2、5、7 三块 ./upgrade_mcu.sh 2,5,7 Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.hpm # 一键升级全部 ./upgrade_mcu.sh all Ascend-hdk-910b-mcu_25.50.10.hpm ```