--- layout: single title: "在 MacBook Pro M2 Max 上构建开发环境" date: 2023-02-07 08:00:00 +0800 categories: [操作系统, 编程开发] tags: [HomeBrew, Conda, Miniconda, MacBookProM2Max, Environment] --- 今天预订的 MacBook Pro M2Max 16寸 顶配 64G内存 2T硬盘到了，¥36097 。 ## 硬件信息 ### 芯片、内存 ```shell system_profiler SPHardwareDataType | head -n 9 Hardware: Hardware Overview: Model Name: MacBook Pro Model Identifier: Mac14,6 Model Number: XXXXXXXXXXXX Chip: Apple M2 Max Total Number of Cores: 12 (8 performance and 4 efficiency) Memory: 64 GB ``` ### 硬盘 ```shell system_profiler SPStorageDataType | head -n 8 Storage: Macintosh HD: Free: 1.37 TB (1,372,357,345,280 bytes) Capacity: 2 TB (1,995,218,165,760 bytes) Mount Point: /System/Volumes/Update/mnt1 File System: APFS ``` ## 更改主机名 ```shell sudo scutil --set HostName MBP hostname MBP ``` ## HomeBrew ### 安装 ```shell /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)" ``` ```shell # zsh => .zshrc bash => .bashrc vim ~/.zshrc export PATH=$PATH:/opt/homebrew/bin ``` ```shell source ~/.zshrc ``` ### 配置镜像源 ```shell vim ~/.bash_profile export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/api" export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles" export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git" export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git" export HOMEBREW_PIP_INDEX_URL="https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple" ``` ```shell source ~/.bash_profile ``` * [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/index_zh-tw) * [Homebrew Formulae](https://formulae.brew.sh/) * [Homebrew Documentation](https://docs.brew.sh/Installation) * [Homebrew 清华大学开源软件镜像站](https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/homebrew/) ## Miniconda ### 安装 ```shell wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-MacOSX-arm64.sh sudo sh Miniconda3-latest-MacOSX-arm64.sh ``` ### ❌ 配置镜像源 ```shell vim ~/.condarc ``` ```yaml channels: - defaults show_channel_urls: true default_channels: - http://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/pkgs/main - http://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/pkgs/r - http://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/pkgs/msys2 custom_channels: conda-forge: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud msys2: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud bioconda: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud menpo: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud pytorch: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud simpleitk: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/cloud ``` ```shell conda clean -i ``` 我配置了清华和阿里云的镜像源，但是都没有成功，最后还是使用了默认的源。 * [Using the .condarc conda configuration file](https://conda.io/projects/conda/en/latest/user-guide/configuration/use-condarc.html) * [阿里云镜像站](https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/anaconda) * [清华大学开源软件镜像站](https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/anaconda/) ### 查看缓存目录 ```shell conda info | grep "package cache :" package cache : /opt/miniconda/pkgs ``` ### 命令 #### 当前 conda 信息 ```shell conda info ``` ``` active environment : base active env location : /opt/miniconda shell level : 1 user config file : /Users/junjian/.condarc populated config files : conda version : 23.1.0 conda-build version : not installed python version : 3.10.9.final.0 virtual packages : __archspec=1=arm64 __osx=13.2=0 __unix=0=0 base environment : /opt/miniconda (writable) conda av data dir : /opt/miniconda/etc/conda conda av metadata url : None channel URLs : https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/osx-arm64 https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/osx-arm64 https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch package cache : /opt/miniconda/pkgs /Users/junjian/.conda/pkgs envs directories : /opt/miniconda/envs /Users/junjian/.conda/envs platform : osx-arm64 user-agent : conda/23.1.0 requests/2.28.1 CPython/3.10.9 Darwin/22.3.0 OSX/13.2 UID:GID : 501:20 netrc file : None offline mode : False ``` #### 创建虚拟环境（将 base 虚拟环境中的 python 链接到新建的虚拟环境中） ```shell sudo conda create --name tensorflow python ``` #### 删除虚拟环境 ```shell conda env remove --name ultralytics ``` #### 激活虚拟环境 ```shell conda activate tensorflow ``` #### 退出虚拟环境 ```shell conda deactivate ``` #### 查看虚拟环境 ```shell conda env list # conda environments: # base * /opt/miniconda ``` #### 指定虚拟环境安装软件包（默认安装到base环境） ```shell sudo conda install -c apple -n tensorflow tensorflow-deps sudo conda install -c pytorch -n pytorch pytorch torchvision torchaudio ``` ## pip 配置文件在 `~/.config/pip/pip.conf`。 ### 配置镜像源 ```shell pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple ``` ### 查看缓存目录 ```shell pip cache dir /Users/junjian/Library/Caches/pip ``` ## Docker ### [安装 Docker Desktop](https://docs.docker.com/desktop/install/mac-install/) ### 配置镜像源 打开 Docker Desktop 的设置，选择 Docker Engine，然后在 JSON 配置中添加镜像源，然后重启就生效，如下： ```json { "registry-mirrors": [ "https://75oltije.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com", "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn" ] } ``` 配置文件在 `~/.docker/daemon.json`。 运行 `docker info` 查看配置是否生效。 ```shell $ docker info Server: Registry Mirrors: https://75oltije.mirror.aliyuncs.com/ http://hub-mirror.c.163.com/ https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ ``` ## 样本标注工具 ### [labelImg](https://github.com/heartexlabs/labelImg) #### 安装 ```shell conda create -n labelimg conda activate labelimg conda install -n labelimg python=3.9 conda install -c conda-forge labelimg -n labelimg ``` 必须指定 python 的版本，高版本会出现下面的错误： ``` 2023-03-26 17:28:36.037 python3.10[13381:279105] TSM AdjustCapsLockLEDForKeyTransitionHandling - _ISSetPhysicalKeyboardCapsLockLED Inhibit Traceback (most recent call last): File "/opt/miniconda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/libs/canvas.py", line 530, in paintEvent p.drawLine(self.prev_point.x(), 0, self.prev_point.x(), self.pixmap.height()) TypeError: arguments did not match any overloaded call: drawLine(self, QLineF): argument 1 has unexpected type 'float' drawLine(self, QLine): argument 1 has unexpected type 'float' drawLine(self, int, int, int, int): argument 1 has unexpected type 'float' drawLine(self, QPoint, QPoint): argument 1 has unexpected type 'float' drawLine(self, Union[QPointF, QPoint], Union[QPointF, QPoint]): argument 1 has unexpected type 'float' [1] 13381 abort labelImg ./ classes.txt ``` * [I can't install lableImg Annotation tool in M1 Mac](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/68311672/i-cant-install-lableimg-annotation-tool-in-m1-mac) #### 使用 ```shell labelImg images classes.txt labels ``` ### [Label Studio](https://labelstud.io) ```shell pip install -U label-studio label-studio start ``` ## 参考资料 * [Miniconda](https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/miniconda.html) * [PyTorch GET STARTED](https://pytorch.org/get-started/locally/) * [TRAINING A CLASSIFIER](https://pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/blitz/cifar10_tutorial.html) * [pip install 和 conda install 的区别](https://www.zhihu.com/question/395145313)