--- layout: single title: "基于腾讯云物联网开发平台的光照传感器" date: 2021-02-24 00:00:00 +0800 categories: [编程开发, 操作系统] tags: [MicroPython, MQTT, NodeMCU, ESP8266, IoT SmartHome] --- ## 构建光照传感器 ### 硬件 * NodeMCU ESP8266 * 光照度传感器 * 面包板 * 杜邦线 * USB数据线 ### NodeMCU 的管脚图 ![](/images/2021/nodemcu-esp32s-pinout.webp) ### 电路图 ![](/images/2021/light-sensor/light-sensor-circuit-diagram.png) ### 光照传感器 ![](/images/2021/light-sensor/light-sensor.png) ## 物联网开发平台 ### 平台使用流程 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-00.png) ### ① 登录[腾讯云物联网开发平台](https://console.cloud.tencent.com/iotexplorer)控制台，进入公共实例 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-01.png) ### ③ 创建产品 选择智能家居，新建产品：光照传感器。 ![](/images/2021/light-sensor/tencent-iot-01.png) ### ④ 定义数据模板 1. 选择数据模板，通过导入自定义数据模板。 ```json { "version": "1.0", "profile": { "ProductId": "您的产品ID", "CategoryId": "112" }, "properties": [ { "id": "Illuminance", "name": "光照度", "desc": "光照度检测", "mode": "r", "define": { "type": "float", "unit": "Lux", "min": "0", "max": "6000", "start": "0", "step": "1" } } ], "events": [], "actions": [] } ``` ![](/images/2021/light-sensor/tencent-iot-02.png) 2. 导入成功 ![](/images/2021/light-sensor/tencent-iot-03.png) ### ⑥ 交互开发 ![](/images/2021/light-sensor/tencent-iot-04.png) ### ⑦ 设备调试 1. 新建设备 ![](/images/2021/light-sensor/tencent-iot-05.png) 2. 创建成功 ![](/images/2021/light-sensor/tencent-iot-06.png) 3. 新建设备的二维码，可以使用腾讯连连扫描快速增加。 ![](/images/2021/light-sensor/tencent-iot-08.png) 4. 在线调试 ![](/images/2021/light-sensor/tencent-iot-07.png) ## 软件实现 参考[数据模板协议](https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/1081/34916)开发用于上报设备的状态和控制设备的指令。可由腾讯云物联网平台提供的[生成小工具](https://iot-exp-individual-1258344699.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/password生成工具.zip)自动生成，想了解更多的详情，请查看[MQTT.fx 快速接入指引](https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/1081/46507)。 ### MQTT用户名和密码生成工具 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-mqtt-password-generator.png) ### 配置您自己的信息 #### WiFi（用于联网） * ESSID * PASSWORD #### IOT平台定义的设备信息 * DEVICE_NAME（设备名称） * PRODUCT_ID（产品ID） * DEVICE_KEY（设备密钥） #### MQTT * MQTT_USERNAME * MQTT_PASSWORD ### 代码 * wifi.py ```py import network ESSID = "" PASSWORD = "" def connect(essid=ESSID, password=PASSWORD): wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wlan.active(True) if not wlan.isconnected(): print('connecting to network...') wlan.connect(essid, password) while not wlan.isconnected(): pass print('network config:', wlan.ifconfig()) ``` * light.py ```py from machine import ADC from machine import Pin class Light(): """ 基于 PT550 环保型光敏二极管的光照传感器元器件，它的灵敏度更高，测量范围是 0Lux～6000Lux。 Lux（勒克斯）是光照强度的单位，它和另一个概念 Lumens（流明）是不同的。Lumens 是指一个光源（比如电灯、投影仪）发出的光能力的总量，而 Lux 是指空间内一个位置接收到的光照的强度。 因为 ADC 支持的最大位数是 12bit，所以这个数值范围是 0~4095 之间。这里按照线性关系做一个转换。 """ def __init__(self, pin): self._light = ADC(Pin(pin)) def value(self): value = self._light.read() print("Light ADC value:", value) return int(value/4095*6000) ``` * tencent_mqtt.py ```py import time import ujson from umqtt.simple import MQTTClient from light import Light """ QCloud Device Info """ DEVICE_NAME = "" PRODUCT_ID = "" DEVICE_KEY = "" """ MQTT topic """ MQTT_DEVICE_CONTROL_TOPIC = "$thing/down/property/"+PRODUCT_ID+"/"+DEVICE_NAME MQTT_DEVICE_STATUS_TOPIC = "$$thing/up/property/"+PRODUCT_ID+"/"+DEVICE_NAME MQTT_SERVER = PRODUCT_ID + ".iotcloud.tencentdevices.com" MQTT_PORT = 1883 MQTT_CLIENT_ID = PRODUCT_ID+DEVICE_NAME MQTT_USERNAME = "" MQTT_PASSWORD = "" class LightSensor(): def __init__(self): self.light = Light(36) class TencentMQTT(): light_sensor = LightSensor() def __init__(self): self.mqtt_client = None def connect(self): self.mqtt_client = MQTTClient(MQTT_CLIENT_ID, MQTT_SERVER, MQTT_PORT, MQTT_USERNAME, MQTT_PASSWORD, 60) self.mqtt_client.set_callback(TencentMQTT.control) self.mqtt_client.connect() """ 接收订阅的消息（用于远程控制） """ @staticmethod def control(topic, msg): pass """ 发送设备的状态消息 """ def report(self): msg = { "method": "report", "clientToken": "clientToken-0123456789", "params": { "Illuminance": self.light_sensor.value() } } self.mqtt_client.publish(MQTT_DEVICE_STATUS_TOPIC.encode(), ujson.dumps(msg).encode()) """ 消息循环 """ def loop(self): self.mqtt_client.subscribe(MQTT_DEVICE_CONTROL_TOPIC.encode()) up_time = 5000 time_sleep = 50 time_count = 0 while True: self.mqtt_client.check_msg() time_count += time_sleep if (time_count >= up_time): self.report() time_count = 0 time.sleep_ms(time_sleep) ``` * main.py ```py import wifi from tencent_mqtt import TencentMQTT if __name__ == '__main__': wifi.connect() mqtt = TencentMQTT() mqtt.connect() mqtt.loop() ``` ### 程序写入开发板 ```shell $ ./pyboard.py --device /dev/cu.usbserial-0001 -f cp light.py wifi.py main.py tencent_mqtt.py : ``` ## 远程控制 ### 在微信中打开腾讯连连小程序，添加－扫一扫。 ![](/images/2021/light-sensor/tencent-iot-09.png) ### 扫描下面光照传感器的二维码。 ![](/images/2021/light-sensor/tencent-iot-07.png) ### 添加成功 ![](/images/2021/light-sensor/tencent-iot-10.png) ### 查看设备状态 ![](/images/2021/light-sensor/light-sensor-status.jpg) ## 参考资料 * [腾讯云物联网开发平台入门](https://cloud.tencent.com/product/iotexplorer/getting-started) * [MQTT.fx-目前主流的MQTT桌面客户端](http://mqttfx.jensd.de) * [MQTT X](https://mqttx.app/cn/) * [MQTT Version 3.1.1 协议标准](http://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v3.1.1/os/mqtt-v3.1.1-os.html) * [MQTT协议](https://docs.emqx.cn/broker/latest/development/protocol.html) * [umqtt.simple](https://github.com/micropython/micropython-lib/tree/master/umqtt.simple) * [MicroPython – Getting Started with MQTT on ESP32/ESP8266](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/micropython-mqtt-esp32-esp8266/) * [uasyncio — asynchronous I/O scheduler](https://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/library/uasyncio.html) * [The Breathing Lamp](https://mpython.readthedocs.io/en/master/classic/breathing_light.html) * [micropython-async](https://github.com/peterhinch/micropython-async/blob/master/v3/as_demos/aledflash.py) * [MicroPython Random number generation?](https://forum.micropython.org/viewtopic.php?t=2727) * [General information about the ESP8266 port](https://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/esp8266/general.html) * [MicroPython libraries](http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/library/index.html) * [MicroPython 相关库](http://docs.micropython.01studio.org/zh_CN/latest/library/index.html) * [Enable two-way SSL/TLS for EMQ X](https://www.emqx.io/blog/enable-two-way-ssl-for-emqx) * [Online UUID Generator](https://www.uuidgenerator.net) * [乐鑫信息科技](https://www.espressif.com/zh-hans)