--- layout: single title: "基于腾讯云物联网开发平台的智能电灯" date: 2021-02-23 00:00:00 +0800 categories: [编程开发, 操作系统] tags: [MicroPython, MQTT, NodeMCU, ESP8266, IoT SmartHome] --- ## 构建智能电灯 ### 硬件 * NodeMCU ESP8266 * 三色LED模块 * 继电器（开关） * 面包板 * 杜邦线 * USB数据线 ### NodeMCU 的管脚图 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/nodemcu-pin-definition.png) ### 智能电灯的电路图 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/smart-light-circuit-diagram.png) ### 智能电灯 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/smart-light.jpg) ## 物联网开发平台 腾讯云物联网开发平台默认开通了一个公共实例，可以免费接入1000个设备，在实例中您可创建项目、产品和设备并进行管理。 ### 平台使用流程 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-00.png) ### ① 登录[腾讯云物联网开发平台](https://console.cloud.tencent.com/iotexplorer)控制台 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-01.png) ### ② 进入公共实例 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-02.png) ### ③ 创建项目、产品 1. 新建项目 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-03.png) 2. 保存 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-04.png) 3. 选择智能家居 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-05.png) 4. 新建产品 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-06.png) 5. 保存 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-07.png) ### ④ 定义数据模板 进入智能电灯的数据模板 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-08.png) ### ⑥ 交互开发 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-09.png) * 配置小程序，快速入口配置 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-10.png) ### ⑦ 设备调试 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-11.png) 1. 新建设备 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-12.png) 2. 设备的详细信息，用于开发的三元组（产品ID、设备名称、设备密钥） ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-13.png) 3. 新建设备的二维码，可以使用腾讯连连扫描快速增加。 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-14.png) ## 软件实现 参考[数据模板协议](https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/1081/34916)开发用于上报设备的状态和控制设备的指令。可由腾讯云物联网平台提供的[生成小工具](https://iot-exp-individual-1258344699.cos.ap-guangzhou.myqcloud.com/password生成工具.zip)自动生成，想了解更多的详情，请查看[MQTT.fx 快速接入指引](https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/1081/46507)。 ### MQTT用户名和密码生成工具 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-mqtt-password-generator.png) ### 配置您自己的信息 #### WiFi（用于联网） * ESSID * PASSWORD #### IOT平台定义的设备信息 * DEVICE_NAME（设备名称） * PRODUCT_ID（产品ID） * DEVICE_KEY（设备密钥） #### MQTT * MQTT_USERNAME * MQTT_PASSWORD ### 代码 * wifi.py ```py import network ESSID = "" PASSWORD = "" def connect(essid=ESSID, password=PASSWORD): wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) wlan.active(True) if not wlan.isconnected(): print('connecting to network...') wlan.connect(essid, password) while not wlan.isconnected(): pass print('network config:', wlan.ifconfig()) ``` * led.py ```py from machine import PWM from machine import Pin class LED(): """ LED模块 """ def __init__(self, rpin, gpin, bpin, freq=1000): """ 构造函数 :param pin: 接LED的管脚，必须支持PWM :param freq: PWM的默认频率是1000 """ self.pin_red = Pin(rpin) self.pin_green = Pin(gpin) self.pin_blue = Pin(bpin) self.led_red = PWM(self.pin_red, freq = freq) self.led_green = PWM(self.pin_green, freq = freq) self.led_blue = PWM(self.pin_blue, freq = freq) def rgb_light(self, red, green, blue, brightness): if red in range(256) and \ green in range(256) and \ blue in range(256) and \ 0.0 <= brightness and \ brightness <=1.0: self.led_red.duty(int(red/255*brightness*1023)) self.led_green.duty(int(green/255*brightness*1023)) self.led_blue.duty(int(blue/255*brightness*1023)) else: print("red green blue must between 0 and 255, and brightness from 0.0 to 1.0") def deinit(self): """ 析构函数 """ self.led_red.deinit() self.led_green.deinit() self.led_blue.deinit() ``` * relay.py ```py from machine import Pin class Relay(): """ 继电器，开关 """ def __init__(self, pin): self.relaypin = Pin(pin, Pin.OUT) def set_state(self, state): self.relaypin.value(state) ``` * tencent_mqtt.py ```py import time import ujson from umqtt.simple import MQTTClient from led import LED from relay import Relay """ QCloud Device Info """ DEVICE_NAME = "" PRODUCT_ID = "" DEVICE_KEY = "" """ MQTT topic """ MQTT_DEVICE_CONTROL_TOPIC = "$thing/down/property/"+PRODUCT_ID+"/"+DEVICE_NAME MQTT_DEVICE_STATUS_TOPIC = "$$thing/up/property/"+PRODUCT_ID+"/"+DEVICE_NAME MQTT_SERVER = PRODUCT_ID + ".iotcloud.tencentdevices.com" MQTT_PORT = 1883 MQTT_CLIENT_ID = PRODUCT_ID+DEVICE_NAME MQTT_USERNAME = "" MQTT_PASSWORD = "" class SmartLigth(): def __init__(self): self.led = LED(5, 4, 0) self.relay = Relay(16) self.power_switch = 1 #开关(0=off, 1=on) self.color = 0 #颜色(0=red, 1=green, 2=blue) self.brightness = 100 #亮度(0-100) self.name = '' #灯位置名称 class TencentMQTT(): light = SmartLigth() def __init__(self): self.mqtt_client = None def connect(self): self.mqtt_client = MQTTClient(MQTT_CLIENT_ID, MQTT_SERVER, MQTT_PORT, MQTT_USERNAME, MQTT_PASSWORD, 60) self.mqtt_client.set_callback(TencentMQTT.control) self.mqtt_client.connect() """ 接收订阅的消息（用于远程控制） """ @staticmethod def control(topic, msg): light = TencentMQTT.light msg_json = ujson.loads(msg) if msg_json['method'] == 'control': params = msg_json['params'] power_switch = params.get('power_switch') if power_switch is not None: light.power_switch = power_switch light.relay.set_state(power_switch) brightness = params.get('brightness') if brightness is not None: light.brightness = brightness color = params.get('color') if color is not None: light.color = color name = params.get('name') if name is not None: light.name = name if color != None or brightness != None: light.led.rgb_light( 255 if light.color==0 else 0, 255 if light.color==1 else 0, 255 if light.color==2 else 0, light.brightness/100.0) """ 发送设备的状态消息 """ def report(self): msg = { "method": "report", "clientToken": "clientToken-0123456789", "params": { "color": self.light.color, "name": self.light.name, "power_switch": self.light.power_switch, "brightness": self.light.brightness } } self.mqtt_client.publish(MQTT_DEVICE_STATUS_TOPIC.encode(), ujson.dumps(msg).encode()) """ 初始化，用于打开电灯。 """ def light_on(self): msg = { "method": "control", "clientToken": "clientToken-0123456789", "params": { "color": self.light.color, "name": self.light.name, "power_switch": self.light.power_switch, "brightness": self.light.brightness } } self.control(MQTT_DEVICE_CONTROL_TOPIC.encode(), ujson.dumps(msg).encode()) """ 消息循环 """ def loop(self): self.mqtt_client.subscribe(MQTT_DEVICE_CONTROL_TOPIC.encode()) # 初始化电灯 self.light_on() up_time = 1000 time_sleep = 50 time_count = 0 while True: self.mqtt_client.check_msg() time_count += time_sleep if (time_count >= up_time): self.report() time_count = 0 time.sleep_ms(time_sleep) ``` * main.py ```py import wifi from tencent_mqtt import TencentMQTT if __name__ == '__main__': wifi.connect() mqtt = TencentMQTT() mqtt.connect() mqtt.loop() ``` ### 程序写入开发板 ```shell $ ./pyboard.py --device /dev/cu.usbserial-0001 -f cp relay.py led.py wifi.py main.py tencent_mqtt.py : cp relay.py :relay.py cp led.py :led.py cp wifi.py :wifi.py cp main.py :main.py cp tencent_mqtt.py :tencent_mqtt.py ``` ## 远程控制 ### 在微信中打开腾讯连连小程序，扫描下面智能电灯的二维码。 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-14.png) ### 智能电灯的控制界面 ![](/images/2021/smart-light/tencent-iot-15.png) ## 参考资料 * [腾讯云物联网开发平台入门](https://cloud.tencent.com/product/iotexplorer/getting-started) * [MQTT.fx-目前主流的MQTT桌面客户端](http://mqttfx.jensd.de) * [MQTT X](https://mqttx.app/cn/) * [MQTT Version 3.1.1 协议标准](http://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v3.1.1/os/mqtt-v3.1.1-os.html) * [MQTT协议](https://docs.emqx.cn/broker/latest/development/protocol.html) * [umqtt.simple](https://github.com/micropython/micropython-lib/tree/master/umqtt.simple) * [MicroPython – Getting Started with MQTT on ESP32/ESP8266](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/micropython-mqtt-esp32-esp8266/) * [uasyncio — asynchronous I/O scheduler](https://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/library/uasyncio.html) * [The Breathing Lamp](https://mpython.readthedocs.io/en/master/classic/breathing_light.html) * [micropython-async](https://github.com/peterhinch/micropython-async/blob/master/v3/as_demos/aledflash.py) * [MicroPython Random number generation?](https://forum.micropython.org/viewtopic.php?t=2727) * [General information about the ESP8266 port](https://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/esp8266/general.html) * [MicroPython libraries](http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/library/index.html) * [MicroPython 相关库](http://docs.micropython.01studio.org/zh_CN/latest/library/index.html) * [Enable two-way SSL/TLS for EMQ X](https://www.emqx.io/blog/enable-two-way-ssl-for-emqx) * [Online UUID Generator](https://www.uuidgenerator.net) * [乐鑫信息科技](https://www.espressif.com/zh-hans)